文化语言背景多样老年人的既往智商估算：一项关键叙事综述

Estimating premorbid IQ is essential for determining whether current cognitive performance reflects decline from an individual’s likely level of functioning before neurological injury or disease, yet commonly used estimators may be less valid in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) older adults. This critical narrative review synthesizes direct, within-population validation, and contextual evidence across established premorbid-IQ methods, newer culturally grounded and informant-based approaches, and emerging computational, longitudinal, and harmonization directions. Direct evidence on