Azerbaijani土耳其语儿童背景下可理解性量表的跨文化适应与验证

This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS) into Azerbaijani Turkish (ICS-AZ) and evaluate its psychometric properties. Following forward-backward translation and expert review (n = 13 SLPs), the ICS-AZ was completed by parents of 180 children (3–5 years: 40 with speech sound disorders (SSD) and 140 typically developing (TD) peers). Assessments included Percentage of Consonant Correct (PCC), Phonological Mean Length of Utterance (PMLU), Whole-Word Proximity (PWP), and Proportion of Whole-Word Correctness (PWC). Content, construct, convergent, discrimin