婴儿在场和母婴冲突预测野生曼德拉灵长类胎儿丢失

Female fitness depends on reproductive pace and offspring survival, both of which are determined by the ability to balance resource allocation between current and future reproduction. Using 11 years of data on 356 pregnancies (52 of which resulted in fetal loss) from 117 wild female mandrills, we show that females who conceive while still caring for a young infant experience a greater probability of fetal loss as well as increased mother-infant behavioral conflict in the form of maternal rejection. In addition, females whose infants throw more tantrums show a greater probability of fetal loss,