野生-城市梯度导致新加坡长尾猴的生态分层

Large-scale urbanization, with a mosaic of different disturbance levels, forces species to adapt in often unpredictable ways. To better understand such adaptations, we here use a multidimensional analysis of DNA from >350 fecal samples of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) collected across a wild–urban gradient in highly urbanized Singapore, investigating their population structure, diet and microbiome. Macaques grouped into eight distinct matrilines, which exhibited specific habitat associations. Total plants in the diet were more diverse in wild than urban areas, with the total diver