比较基于游戏和虚拟客观结构临床考试格式：低收入和中等收入国家临床胜任力考试中感知公平性和成就情感的对比

Assessment formats shape not only what is measured, but also how examinees experience high-stakes evaluation. While Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) remain a cornerstone of clinical competency assessment, they can induce anxiety and raise concerns about fairness. Digital game-based assessment (DGBA) offers an alternative interaction paradigm in which assessment is embedded within a standardized digital environment. Focusing on perceived fairness and test-related achievement emotions, we conducted a mixed-methods study comparing a DGBA platform (ENTRUST) and virtual OSCEs duri