亚急性和慢性低背痛的数字化和混合干预：成分网络meta分析

Digital and hybrid interventions combining exercise, education, and psychological components are increasingly used for low back pain (LBP), but it remains unclear which components and combinations drive efficacy. We conducted a prospectively registered component network meta-analysis (CNMA) to evaluate their efficacy and safety for non-specific LBP. Six databases and two trial registries were searched to May 2025. Data on disability, pain intensity, and adverse events were analysed using a Bayesian random-effects CNMA. Of 2809 records, 56 reports of 46 studies (6717 participants; 80% chronic l