将自我效能与青年足球运动员辍学意愿联系起来：参与度和教练角色的作用

Youth dropout represents a challenge for federations. Although research has identified dropout correlates, less is known about how individual and team factors jointly shape players' intentions to persist or withdraw. Building on a social-cognitive perspective, this study tested a moderated mediation model in which sport self-efficacy was associated with lower dropout intentions through sport engagement, with empowering and directive coaching as moderators. Data were collected from 2,195 players (94.9% male; aged 11-14 years) nested within 155 soccer teams, together with reports from coaches an