地震后与不确定性共存：失踪人员家属及其他重要关系人的模糊哀伤

The disappearance of a loved one after a natural disaster can create ambiguous loss, in which physical absence coexists with uncertainty about whether the missing person is alive or dead. This study explored ambiguous grief among 16 adults whose loved ones remained officially missing after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Türkiye, with no recovered remains or formal confirmation of death. Semi-structured interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Five themes were developed: suspended grief within continuing uncertainty; psychological burden and traumatic effects; disrupti