土耳其出生和早期到达的叙利亚背景学生创伤后应激症状、动机质量和学业表现：学术语言熟练度的调节作用

Many Syrian students in Turkish schools were born in Türkiye or arrived before school entry, yet their post-traumatic stress and its links with schooling are poorly documented. In this observational two-contact study, we examined whether post-traumatic stress symptoms were associated with academic performance among 407 Türkiye-born or early-arriving (at or before age five) Syrian-background students in grades 5–12 (mean age 13.84 years), recruited non-randomly across eight provinces; whether indirect associations through autonomous motivation and amotivation were evident; and whether academic