Depression-Anxiety Comorbidity Across Sex During COVID-19: An Evaluation of Partial Invariance with Invariance Partial Pruning

Depression and anxiety co-occur so frequently that comorbidity is more prevalent than the occurrence of either in isolation. The conventional latent-variable perspective offers limited insight into comorbidity because its inherent causal assumptions overlook causal relations among observable symptoms that are meaningful for explaining comorbidity. At the same time, comorbidity studies based on the network perspective have largely relied on cross-sectional data, which cannot capture the dynamic nature of mental disorders, or on two-wave panel data, which does not separate between- and within-va