互联网文化与大型语言模型中的男性抽象偏见

Conceptual abstraction and gender are two equally central aspects of the human mind, yet they have traditionally been studied in isolation from one another, as though they were fundamentally separate. Here, we find gender and abstraction are systematically linked throughout the space of concepts spanning single (N = 40,000) and multi-word expressions (N = 67,000): across billions of words and millions of images on the internet — and across numerous measurement techniques, including human and AI classifications — more abstract concepts are more associated with men, a pattern we show replicates