原发肌性颌面疼痛的多种表现：基于假设病理生理机制的表型以指导临床管理决策

Primary myofascial orofacial pain (PM-OFP) or painful myogenous temporomandibular disorder is a pain condition involving the masticatory muscles without identifiable organic pathology. A biopsychosocial approach has been adopted for the assessment and management of orofacial pain, including PM-OFP, incorporating psychological and social factors for a more comprehensive understanding of pain as both disease and illness. Nevertheless, integration of psychosocial assessment with physical examination is generally underutilized, often resulting in suboptimal patient care. We proposed that phenotypi