Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Digital Interventions for Illicit Substance Use Disorders: Scoping Review of Intervention Design, Efficacy Indicators, and Methodological Gaps.

Illicit substance use disorders (SUDs) are escalating globally; yet, social stigma and legal barriers restrict access to conventional treatment, and existing research remains skewed toward alcohol and nicotine. Digital interventions incorporating cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) offer a discreet, scalable alternative. This scoping review maps how CBT-based digital interventions for illicit SUDs are designed and delivered across platforms, identifying their theoretical frameworks, functional components, outcome indicators, and reported methodological limitations. We followed the Joanna Briggs