The independent and joint impact of social and internet isolation on depression and loneliness among older adults: evidence from cross-cultural cohort studies.

This study examined independent and joint associations of social and internet isolation with incident depression and loneliness among older adults in two culturally distinct cohorts. This study utilized data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA, N  = 3536) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, N  = 3120). Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to assess the independent and joint effects of social and internet isolation on depression and loneliness. Additionally, a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to