马来西亚的学校领导：一项关于课外活动管理挑战的质性探索

Although co-curricular research identifies recurring management challenges, the distinction between difficulties that remain manageable and those that restrict provision require closer examination. This study explored the challenges reported by school leaders and the arrangements they described in response. A qualitative descriptive design with an exploratory focus was adopted. Five principals and one senior assistant were purposively selected from six urban and suburban schools in Peninsular and East Malaysia: four national secondary schools, one national Islamic secondary school and one inte