扩展的法律框架，有限的证据：物质使用障碍的强制住院治疗

Involuntary civil commitment (ICC) for substance use disorders is framed as a public health response to overdoses and functional impairment, yet evidence of its effectiveness remains limited. Federal attention to this practice in July 2025 heightens the need for rigorous evaluation to inform policies and clinical care. As of December 2024, a total of 36 states and the District of Columbia authorized substance-related ICC, whereas 14 states limited commitment to other psychiatric diagnoses. State laws vary regarding eligibility, safeguards, and maximum duration, and many do not require less res