超市手动搬运任务中多关节负载模式的可重复描述性再分析

Background Regional spinal, shoulder, and knee forces in supermarket handling have been reported separately. We examined whether published task-level estimates yield a shared loading pattern and illustrate region-specific trade-offs. Methods We reconstructed 26 two-handed handling conditions from published tables based on 1,479 modeled lifts in 15 workers. The outcomes were mixed-model-adjusted task estimates of peak forces, not new force measurements. We used five-indicator and equal-region principal component analyses (PCA), descriptive standardized regressions, task-design diagnostics, and