预防头颈部重建手术中与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病和职业可持续性：整合人体工程学和身体状况

ABSTRACT Background Head and neck reconstructive and plastic surgery exposes surgeons to prolonged static posture, sustained visualization of a narrow operative field, cervical and shoulder loading, fine‐motor work, and extended standing. These demands create a substantial occupational musculoskeletal burden. Methods A structured narrative review and expert perspective synthesized evidence from head and neck surgery, reconstructive microsurgery, plastic surgery, surgical ergonomics, occupational health, and rehabilitation. Results Musculoskeletal symptoms commonly involve the neck, shoulders,