早期数理知识量表（ENKS）：评估早期数理能力的工具

Early numerical skills predict later mathematical and academic achievement. However, brief, reliable, and valid tools for assessing early numeracy remain limited. We present the Early Number Knowledge Scale (ENKS), which includes nine tasks: dots comparison, highest count, give-a-number, set transformation, number naming, number comparison, number sequence, additions, and subtractions. Research Findings: The scale was administered to 675 Italian preschool children, revealing no evidence of floor or ceiling effects for the entire scale, excellent test–retest reliability and only a minimal impro