Cognitive Control as Precision Regulation: From Predictive Coding to Adaptive Behaviou

Cognitive control is traditionally conceptualized as a set of top-down mechanisms that select and regulate stimulus–response mappings to support goal-directed and flexible behaviour. Traditional accounts have provided fundamental insights into the neural architecture of cognitive control and identified a set of core control processes, including goal maintenance, task switching, control allocation, conflict monitoring, and cognitive effort. However, they rarely address how these functions can be integrated within a common computational architecture. Furthermore, most theories tend to assume tha