教师表扬会让孩子们觉得自己不够聪明吗？两项预先注册的虚拟现实实验

Does teacher praise make children feel less smart? When two students perform equally, teachers might praise the student they believe worked harder, implicitly conveying to that student that they have lower ability. We tested this hypothesis through two preregistered experiments in a novel Virtual Reality classroom with children aged 7-13 (Study 1: N = 212, Study 2: N = 225). After the child and a virtual classmate performed equally on a task, the teacher praised the child, the classmate, both, or neither. Contrary to hypotheses, there was no evidence that praise made children feel less smart,