Relationships Between Parental and Offspring Early Maladaptive Schemas: A Meta-Analytic Review of Dyadic Data.

Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are pervasive cognitive-emotional patterns formed in childhood that contribute to diverse psychopathologies. While theory and research suggest EMSs may be transmitted across generations, findings are fragmented. This meta-analysis synthesized studies to (1) quantify the overall strength of associations between parental and offspring EMSs and (2) test moderation by parental or offspring age. Systematic searches across five databases identified 12 studies ( N  = 3,253; 1,473 dyads). Effect sizes for overall EMSs and the disconnection/rejection domai