How Circadian Rhythms Shape Emotional Reactivity and Regulation: A Narrative Review.

Circadian rhythms exert a profound influence on human physiology and behaviour, providing temporal organisation to sleep-wake patterns, cognitive performance, and affective functioning. Increasing evidence indicates that misalignment between internal biological clocks and external environmental or social demands critically affects emotional health. This narrative review focuses on the role of circadian rhythms in shaping emotional reactivity and regulation, with particular attention to chronotype, social jet lag (SJL) and shift work. Evening chronotypes show greater vulnerability to negative a