希望理论在耳鸣评估与管理中的应用

Tinnitus is defined as the subjective perception of sound heard within the head or ears and is often accompanied by distress, anxiety, and a reduced quality of life. This paper presents a narrative, theory-driven review that integrates hope theory into a biopsychosocial framework for tinnitus assessment and management and posits how hope theory may enhance treatment outcomes for individuals experiencing tinnitus distress. A recent correlational study has shown that high tinnitus distress is associated with low levels of hope. This literature review and interpretation will illustrate hope theor