易感性、可塑性或优势敏感性：解读儿童期虐待后的MAOA基因-环境交互作用

Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) has frequently been characterized as a vulnerability gene because certain MAOA-uVNTR variants are associated with increased antisocial behavior following childhood maltreatment. However, most studies supporting this classification have examined adverse environments without adequately assessing supportive conditions. Because the absence of maltreatment does not establish the presence of positive environmental experiences, these findings cannot conclusively distinguish vulnerability from differential susceptibility or vantage sensitivity. This review critically evaluat