语言经验调节了 Mandarin 音调的并行声学和语音加工：来自Mismatch Negativity 的证据

PURPOSE: Second-language (L2) speech perception is strongly influenced by prior language experience, but the neural mechanisms supporting this process remain incompletely understood. This study examined how language experience modulates the pre-attentive encoding of acoustic and phonological information in Mandarin tone perception and whether these cues are processed serially or in parallel. METHOD: Twenty native Mandarin speakers and 20 novice Mandarin learners with a tonal first language (L1: Thai) completed a behavioral tone identification task and a passive listening multifeature oddball e