沉浸式元宇宙环境中的反馈学习机会：网络安全教育的混合方法研究

Data security and privacy education increasingly requires learning experiences that engage students in applying knowledge to realistic situations. Guided by the Self-System Processes Model, this mixed-methods quasi-experimental study compared a self-selected traditional classroom workshop (n = 27) with a Spatial metaverse workshop (n = 30) among university students (N = 57), focusing on interactive learning and feedback opportunities. The metaverse format integrated immersive scenarios, mini-games, quizzes, and immediate task-based responses, while both formats used the same curriculum and 10-