摩托车操作人员的肌肉骨骼疾病风险：靶向筛查量表的开发和验证

Objective: To develop and validate a musculoskeletal disorder screening scale for motorcycle operators. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 140 Tunisian operators rated pain in nine body regions on a four-point scale. Results: Two factors separated upper-body from lower-body regions and explained 67.5 percent of the variance. Cronbach alpha reached 0.910 and 0.881. The two-factor model outperformed the one-factor model (chi-square difference 67.92, p < 0.001), with loadings from 0.75 to 0.91 and approximation error of 0.103 under ordinal estimation. Engine displacement separated the groups on