马来语中古兰经朗诵中阿拉伯语发音的发音困难：从Tajwid和语音的角度进行对比分析

Accurate articulation of Arabic sounds is fundamental to Qur’anic recitation, as the science of tajwid requires each letter to be pronounced according to its precise point of articulation (makhraj) and phonetic characteristics (sifat). However, differences between the Arabic and Malay phonetic systems may pose articulation difficulties for Malay speakers, particularly when Arabic sounds have no equivalent phonemic counterparts in their first language. This study aims to analyse Arabic sounds that pose articulation difficulties for Malay speakers, identify the factors and forms of these difficu