The loneliness paradox: a scoping review of cognitive biases in loneliness

, through the lens of Social Information Processing model, to identify patterns and methodological gaps. Searches of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science identified 50 studies using behavioural, eye-tracking, psychophysiological, self-report and neural measures. Findings depended on how each bias was measured. Behavioural evidence for attention bias towards negative social cues was mixed, whereas neural evidence more consistently showed heightened responses to such cues. Interpretation bias was the most consistent finding in which lonely individuals interpreted ambiguous social cues as