Adverse Childhood Experiences and Metabolic Risk: Differential Associations with Metabolic and Circadian Syndromes from the CHARLS National Cohort

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with neurodevelopment, emotional regulation, circadian rhythms, and physiological homeostasis, exerting lifelong effects on both psychological and physical health. Individuals exposed to ACEs have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease than the general population. We screened for high-risk ACEs and determined their associations with circadian syndrome (CircS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Based on the 20 ACE indicators identified i