在使用/不使用这种对比的语言的儿童讲者中，咬合阻滞对母语s/”和英语r/l的影响

Learning to produce non-native speech contrasts requires developing new phonological categories as well as new articulatory-perceptual mappings for these new categories. However, within the same speakers, it remains unclear how these new categories compare to contrasts that are already fully established in the native language. To examine potential differences between native and non-native sounds, we recorded Japanese children’s (8–12 years) productions of a non-native contrast (English /ɹ/−/l/, indexed by F3–F2) and a native contrast (/s/−/ʃ/, indexed by Center of Gravity). Recordings were don