超越认知能力，研究情感和精神智力对高等教育学业成绩的对称和不对称路径

Abstract Higher education is typically explained in terms of cognitive ability (IQ) when linked to academic achievement. However, despite evidence of non-cognitive intelligence, specifically emotional and spiritual intelligence, its association with academic achievement remains underexplored. In Ghana, where spiritual orientation is strong, research on the relationship between emotional and spiritual intelligence and academic achievement among higher education students remains limited. This study used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and Fuzzy-set Qualitative Compa