从回声室到回声机器？人工智能对话对信念的影响

Randomized trials show that conversations with large language models (LLMs) can reduce conspiracy belief and, more modestly, political polarization. Yet the same systems can increase conspiracy belief when instructed to, and clinical reports describe chatbot conversations accompanying the escalation of implausible convictions. Prevailing accounts attribute both outcomes to the evidence a model supplies. We note that most experiments confound evidence about the world with endorsement of the person, and that the clearest attempt to separate them favors evidence. Drawing on research on attitude c